Potholes present a challenge for road infrastructure and public safety. It is crucial to detect and address these road defects to maintain efficient transportation systems. Our study offers a summary of approaches used for pothole detection highlighting advancements as well as the remaining challenges. The review encompasses sensing technologies, methods for processing data, and machine learning paradigms that are used to solve the issue of pothole detection. Additionally, it explores limitations and unresolved questions in this field such as the need for real-time detection reliability in weather conditions and the development of cost-scalable solutions. By providing a synopsis of the state-of-the-art research and recognizing areas for further investigation this review aims to be resourceful, for both research personnel and practitioners interested in pothole detection systems.